Reverse genetics approaches for the development of mammarenavirus live-attenuated vaccines

Reverse Genetics Approaches for the Development of Influenza Vaccines

Influenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics of human respiratory disease. Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health and economic problem, which are most effectively prevented through vaccination. However, influenza viruses undergo continual antigenic variation, which requires either the annual reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines or the ...

Live-attenuated virus vaccines for respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses: applications of reverse genetics.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the human parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses of the paramyxovirus family. RSV is the leading cause of severe viral respiratory disease in infants and children, and in the United States RSV is responsible for 73,000 to 126,000 annual hospitalizations of infants younger than 1 year of age (1). Two antigenic sub...

Arenavirus Genome Rearrangement for the Development of Live Attenuated Vaccines.

UNLABELLED Several members of the Arenaviridae family cause hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and pose serious public health problems in their geographic regions of endemicity as well as a credible biodefense threat. To date, there have been no FDA-approved arenavirus vaccines, and current antiarenaviral therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Are...

Evaluation of Live Attenuated Measles Vaccines Prepared in Human Diploid Cells for Reimmunization

Envelope Exchange for the Generation of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus Vaccines

Arenaviruses such as Lassa fever virus cause significant mortality in endemic areas and represent potential bioterrorist weapons. The occurrence of arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers is largely confined to Third World countries with a limited medical infrastructure, and therefore live-attenuated vaccines have long been sought as a method of choice for prevention. Yet their rational design and engine...